What actions break the fast, and which ones require both make-up (Qaza) and expiation (Kaffarah)?

1. If a person eats, drinks, or engages in sexual intercourse deliberately while remembering they are fasting, the fast is broken, and both Qaza and Kaffarah become obligatory. 2. Kaffarah consists of fasting for 60 consecutive days. 3. If a person eats or drinks something that is not normally consumed as food or medicine (like a pebble or piece of paper), or if they are forced to eat, only Qaza is required, not Kaffarah. 4. If a person eats or drinks forgetfully (not realizing they are fasting), the fast is NOT broken. 5. If water accidentally enters the throat while rinsing the mouth (provided the person remembered they were fasting), the fast breaks and only Qaza is due. 6. Vomiting a mouthful deliberately breaks the fast and requires Qaza. 7. Applying oil, surma (eyeliner), or receiving an injection (under specific conditions) does not break the fast according to the detailed rulings.