Understanding Fidyah, Kaffarah & Fitrana
Fidyah is compensation for those permanently unable to fast (elderly, chronically ill). For each missed day, you feed one poor person. (Quran 2:184)
Kaffarah is a penalty for deliberately breaking a Ramadan fast without excuse. The options are: fast 60 consecutive days, or feed 60 poor people per broken fast.
Sadaqat-ul-Fitr (Fitrana) is obligatory charity paid before Eid al-Fitr prayer. It purifies the fast and provides for the needy on Eid day. It is one Sa' (~2.6 kg) of food per person in the household.
FAQ
What is the difference between Fidyah and Kaffarah?▼
Fidyah is for those who cannot fast at all (permanent excuse). Kaffarah is a penalty for deliberately breaking a fast without a valid reason. Kaffarah is much more severe — 60 days of fasting or feeding 60 people.
When should Fitrana be paid?▼
Fitrana must be paid before the Eid al-Fitr prayer. It is best to pay a few days before Eid so the poor can prepare for the celebration.
Can I pay Fidyah in cash instead of food?▼
According to Hanafi fiqh, paying the monetary equivalent is permissible. Other madhabs prefer giving actual food but many scholars allow cash for practicality.